Chemistry Courses - Syllabi
Link to Hebrew Course Descriptions:
http://www.biu.ac.il/Regist-Pgms/syllabus/ESC/ch84.htm
Course No. Course Subject
84-101 General Chemistry I
A first year one semester course on the basic principles of chemistry and materials science. The subjects covered during this semester are: stoichiometry, gases, solids and liquids, solutions and equilibria.
84-102 Inorganic Chemistry I
Electromagnetic radiation and quantum theory; principles of wave mechanics, wave-particle duality, the hydrogen atom according to Schrödinger; quantum numbers; preliminary analysis of atomic orbital functions. Electronic configuration of polyelectronic atoms, periodicity in the periodic table, Lewis theory of covalent bonding, Lewis structures.
84-103 General Chemistry II
A continuation of the first semester course in the basic principles of chemistry and materials science.
The subjects covered during this semester are: insoluble substances, acids and bases, oxidation-reduction, kinetics and thermodynamics.
84-104 Inorganic Chemistry II
Resonance, spatial structure of molecules according to the VESPR theory, dipole moment, molecular polarity, valence bond theory, hybridization, molecular orbitals, bond order. Polyatomic molecules, ionic bonding, metal bonding, band theory, selected aspects of the chemistry of the main group elements, transition metals and complexes, basic concepts of organic chemistry.
84-105 Laboratory in General and Analytical Chemistry I
Details of the experiments: Density, boiling point determination, determination of the formula of zinc iodide, Avogadro’s number, mass-mass relationships, mass-volume relationships (molar volume of a gas), dependence of solubility on temperature, water of crystallization, thermodynamics 1 heat transfer (computers), flame temperature measurements from various sources (computers), freezing point of water (computers), heat of melting of ice (computers), Boyle’s law (computers), Charles’ law, equation of state for ideal gases (computers), determination of R (computers), cycle of reactions of copper, gravimetric determination of nickel.
84-106 Laboratory in General and Analytical Chemistry II
Equilibrium and Le Chatelier’s principle, solubility equilibrium, acids and bases, antacid pills, intermolecular forces, argentometry, compleximetric titrations, weak acid and buffers, oxidation-reduction, identification of cations and anions, calorimetry, Beer’s law and equilibrium constant, electrochemical cells, kinetics, thermodynamics, Hess’s law.
84-109 Laboratory in Analytical Chemistry
See course 84-106
84-171 Mathematics for Chemists I
Introduction to analytic geometry: straight line, circle, ellipse, hyperbola, parabola. Set of real numbers, definition of a function, important limits, continuity. Classification of elementary functions, inverse functions, trigonometric functions and inverse trigonometric functions, exponential functions, logarithms. The derivative and its properties, geometrical meaning, derivatives of parametric and implicit functions. Applications of derivatives: Fermat’s, Rolle’s, Lagrange’s and l’Hôpital’s theorems; study of functions with aid of the derivative and its constructions. Extremum problems. Indefinite integral, integration methods (substitution, by parts, trigonometric substitutions). The definite integral. The fundamental theorem of the integral calculus. Applications: plane area, volume of revolution.
84-172 Mathematics for Chemists II
Functions of two variables – definition, graph and domain of definition, limit of a function, continuity of a function, partial derivatives / higher order partial derivatives, the chain rule, the differential, finding the value of a function by its differential, extreme problems, gradient and constraints.
Integrals – scalar and vector products, orthogonal vectors, system of linear equations, vector theory, vector subspace, linear transformations and their properties, determinants and solution of a system of equations with their aid, eigenvalue and eigenvector.
Differential equations – first order differential equations: separation of variables, change of variables, exact equations / integration factor, linear equations (homogeneous and nonhomogeneous). Higher order differential equations: characteristic polynomial, nonhomogeneous equations, differential equations with initial conditions.
84-181 General Physics for Chemists I
Vector analysis, kinematics, relative motion, Newton’s 3 laws, projectile motion, circular motion, work and energy, impulse and momentum, simple harmonic motion, angular momentum and torque, moments of inertia of bodies and dynamics of rigid bodies, gravitation.
84-182 General Physics for Chemists II
Coulomb’s law, electric field, Gauss’ law, potential, field and potential of a charge distribution. Capacitance and capacitors, electrostatic energy, direct current circuits, motion of a charged particle in a magnetic field, mass spectrograph, cyclotron, Biot-Savart law and calculation of magnetic fields from currents in various structures, Ampere’s law, Faraday’s law of induction, inductive circuits, self-induction, alternating voltage and current, Maxwell’s laws (integral form).
84-184 Laboratory in Physics for Chemists
Newton’s second law, motion in a viscous fluid, Stokes’ law, law of conservation of momentum, law of conservation of angular momentum. Kirchoff’s laws, measurement of EMF - Wheatstone bridge; charging and discharging circuits of a capacitor. Magnetic fields generated by conducting wires, the magnetic force acting on a conducting wire in a magnetic field. Thin lenses, interference - Young’s experiment, diffraction in a single slit, diffraction grating.
84-190 Introduction to Computers in Chemistry
1) The history of the computing.
2) Bits and bytes, the number systems: bases 2,10,16; ASCII, logic gates, half adder and full adder, BCD numbers.
3) Data organization and storage; physical and logical disks; magnetic disk, DVD-R, DISK-ON-KEY, ROM, RAM, CD-RW, DVD-RW, cache and virtual memory.
4) Graphics – pixels, resolution, color, VGA and LCD displays; printers: laser and ink jet.
5) Scientific applications: statistics – mean, median and mode, repeated measurements and standard deviation, Q-test, use of graphs, regression line, correlation coefficient.
6) Propagation of errors, confidence interval, significance tests: null hypothesis, F-test, T-test, one and two tailed test.
7) Recitation sections include hands on experience: Internet, electronic mail, Word, Excel, Powerpoint, Sigmaplot.
84-205 Organic Chemistry I
The chemical bond, alkanes, free radicals, reaction mechanisms, kinetic and thermodynamical considerations, conformational analysis, olefins and addition reactions, carbocations, alkyl halides, nucleophilic displacements, eliminations, organometallic reagents, allenes, alkynes, alcohols, ethers, aldehydes and ketones.
84-206 Organic Chemistry II
Condensation, halogenation, α –alkylation, asymmetric induction, carboxylic acids and their derivates, conjugated systems, Diels- Alder reactions and pericyclic reactions. Polyfunctional compounds: dicarboxylic acids, hydroxy acids, α -β unsaturated carbonyl and carboxyl compounds and their derivatives, Michael type condensations, dicarbonyl compounds and their condensations. Sulfur compounds. Nitrogen compounds. Phosphorus compounds and the Witing reaction.
Aromaticity, electrophilic aromatic substitution, nucleophilic aromatic substitution by various mechanisms, phenols and quinones, polyaromatic compounds, heteroaromatic compounds, carbohydrates, amino acids.
84-207 Laboratory in Organic Chemistry I
Crystallization, separation by extraction, crystallization and identification of unknowns by mixed melting point and determination of the boiling point, fractional distillation, thin layer chromatography, column chromatography. Syntheses such as: preparation of adipic acid, methyl benzoate, triphenylcarbinol, Diels-Alder reaction, catalytic reduction, o-benzoylbenzoic acid, anthraquinone, benzoin. Benzyl, trans-stilbene, p-chlorotoluene, trans-1,4-diphenyl-1,3-butadiene, pinacol-pinacolone, triptycene, luminol, Methyl Orange, dichlorocarbene reactions.
84-208 Laboratory in Organic Chemistry for Biophysics
Crystallization, separation by extraction, crystallization and identification of unknowns by mixed melting point and determination of the boiling point, fractional distillation, thin layer chromatography, column chromatography. Various preparations illustrating selected techniques and synthetic approaches such as: preparation of cyclohexanone, methyl benzoate, triphenylcarbinol, Diels-Alder reaction, catalytic reduction, and luminol.
84-209 Physical Chemistry I
Properties of the gaseous phase, equations of state, the first law of thermodynamics, thermodynamical state functions, thermochemistry, the second and third laws of thermodynamics, properties of homogeneous materials, thermodynamics of solutions (volatile and nonvolatile solvents), power cycles (power stations, internal combustion engines), cooling cycles, phase diagrams. Distillation, chemical equilibrium, accurate prediction of equilibrium components in chemical reactions as functions of the initial components and volumetric variables. Multiphase equilibrium, phase diagrams of multicomponent systems having several phases, thermodynamics of ions in solution. Debye-Huckel theory.
84-210 Physical Chemistry II
Electrochemistry - basic types of electrodes in relation to electrode-solution equilibria, electrochemical cells, thermodynamical state functions in electrochemical systems, statistical mechanics - description of thermodynamical state functions and understanding equilibrium in terms of statistical mechanics. Kinetic theory of gases. Transport phenomena - basic diffusion equations and a few schemes for their solution. Chemical kinetics, methods of following kinetics, prediction of rate laws and rate constants for chemical reactions. Kinetics of simple and complex reactions. Types of reaction mechanisms and ways of determining them. Dynamics - basic models for simple chemical reactions and calculation of the rate constants derived from them, potential surfaces, adsorption processes and Interactions between active surfaces and gaseous and liquid reactants.
84-211 Laboratory in Physical Chemistry I
Vacuum systems, effusion and viscosity of gases, surface tension, vapor pressure of liquids, viscosity - determination of the isoelectric point of a protein, measurement of pH, electrogravimetry; conductivity and conductivity titration, ion exchangers.
84-214 Instrumental Chemistry
List of experiments: tertiary system, partial molar volume, experiments in spectrophotometry, gas chromatography, determination of equilibrium constant by the spectrophotometric method, HPLC - quantitative determination of food components, FTIR - kinetic measurements.
84-237 Spectroscopy and Determination of Structure
1. Introduction - electromagnetic radiation and wave properties. 2. The infrared spectrum: physical principles, functional groups and their absorption. 3. The visible and ultraviolet spectrum: physical principles, chromophores and transitions, Woodward-Fieser rules. 4. Nuclear magnetic resonance: physical and instrumental principles. NMR of hydrogen: screening and chemical shift: splittings. Fourier transform spectrum. NMR spectrum of carbon-13 and other nuclei. 5. Mass spectroscopy: physical principles. Ionization methods - the molecular ion. Determination of the molecular formula. Basic decompositions and mechanisms. 6. Structure determination.
84-273 Mathematics for Chemists III
1. Series: series of constant numbers, series of functions, power series, Fourier series. 2. Double and triple integrals (in polar, cylindrical and spherical coordinates). 3. Vector analysis, line and surface integrals; Green’s, Gauss’, and Stokes’ theorems. 4. The Laplace transform and its properties: solution of ordinary differential equations by the Laplace transform; solution by power series and Frobenius series, Bessel, Legendre and Hermite equations. 5. Partial differential equations, initial and boundary conditions: the wave equation (the vibrating and infinite chord, and the chord held at its two ends). The heat equation, Laplace equation.
84-283 Physics Laboratory for Chemists
Students perform experiments in physics in the following topics:
Mechanics, optics, electricity and magnetism.
Mechanics: 2 experiments in the law of conservation of angular momentum.
Optics: a total of 4 meetings. 2 Meetings for learning the theoretical background for geometrical optics and physical optics, and 2 meetings for experiments in thin lenses and for experiments in interference and diffraction.
Electricity: 4 meetings for experiments in electrical circuits.
1) Ohm's law and equivalent resistance of resistors connected in series and in parallel.
2) Kirchoff’s laws.
3) Wheatstone bridge, EMF and terminal voltage.
4) Charging and discharging circuits of a capacitor.
Magnetism: the magnetic force acting on a conducting wire in a magnetic field.
84-296 Introduction to Research
Purpose: to present to the students a review of the state of research in various fields of modern chemistry being performed in the department, including organic and medicinal chemistry, inorganic chemistry, physical chemistry, theoretical chemistry, polymer chemistry, advanced materials chemistry, colloid and surface chemistry, nanometric materials, electrochemistry and more.
84-301 Advanced Inorganic Chemistry I
Introduction to organometallic chemistry.
1) Structure and properties of complexes, including 18 electrons and exceptions, different types of ligands and bonding models, nomenclature.
2) Types of organometallic reactions – elimination, ligand exchange, oxidative addition, reductive elimination, insertion, migration.
3) Catalysis of organometallic reagents in metathesis and polymerization.
84-302 Advanced Inorganic Chemistry II
Introduction to physical organic chemistry.
1) Electronic structure and electronic spectroscopy of transition metal complexes.
2) Symmetry and spectroscopy.
3) Vibrational spectroscopy.
Note: This course is open only to students who have passed “Introduction to Quantum Mechanics” 84-325 and “Symmetry in Chemistry” 84-324.
84-305 Laboratory in Organic Chemistry II
1) Safety in the chemical laboratory. 2) N-Phenylmaleimide; β –phenylhydroxylamine; nitrone; 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition. 3) Cholesten-3-one from cholesterol. 4) Admantane, clathrate with thiourea. 5) Diphenyldiacetylene, benzannulation reaction catalyzed by Pd. 6) Multireagent reaction. 7) 4-Phenyl-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-dione. 8) Peptide chemistry: conjugation reaction, orthogonal protecting groups, aspartame, peptide as a drug carrier.
9) Reactions in a microwave, cinnamic acid.
84-306 Chemistry of Biological Systems
1) Amino acids. Chemical and physical properties.
2) The peptide bond.
3) Techniques for isolating, purifying and characterizing proteins.
4) Primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure of proteins.
5) Enzymatic catalysis.
6) Enzymatic kinetics.
7) Nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids – structure and properties.
8) Replication of DNA.
9) Transcription and translation of RNA.
10) Metabolism of glucose.
84-307 Advanced Organic Chemistry I
Pericyclic reactions: definition and classification, molecular orbitals of conjugated systems, symmetry of molecular orbitals and correlation and electronic state diagrams, Woodward-Hoffmann rules, frontier orbitals and their application in pericyclic reactions, aromatic / antiaromatic transition states, application of pericyclic reactions in one- and multistep syntheses.
Organic photochemistry: general principles, Jablonski diagram, singlet and triplet states, radiative and nonradiative transitions, quantum yield, actinometry, Stern-Volmer diagram, photosensitization, pericyclic photochemical reactions, photochemical reactions of carbonyls, photochemical reactions of alkenes, dienes and aromatic compounds.
Stereochemistry: projections, classification of isomers, symmetry operations, configuration and conformation, atropisomerism, chirality elements, prochirality, NMR applications in stereochemistry in general and in prochirality in particular, resolution methods and determination of the enantiomeric / diastereomeric excess, stereospecific and stereoselective reactions.
84-309 Advanced Organic Chemistry II
Organic synthesis, rearrangements, Diels-Alder, Cope and Claisen reactions, carbanions, enols, enamines, Wittig and Peterson reactions, acyl anion equivalents.
84-310 Physical Organic Chemistry
Ground state energies and bond strengths, application of molecular orbitals, characterization of intermediates on the reaction path, reaction profile and potential surface, Eyring and Arrhenius equations, activation parameters, influence of temperature on reaction rate, deviations from the Arrhenius equation, principles of physical organic chemistry; linear free energy relationships, nucleophilic reactions, acid and base general and specific catalysis, Brønsted equation, proton transfer processes; solvent effects.
84-324 Symmetry in Chemistry
Group theory: definitions and examples, multiplication table of a group, cyclic groups, Abelian groups, subgroups, classes, isomorphism and homomorphism. Symmetry elements and symmetry operations. Application of symmetry concepts to the electric dipole moment and to optical activity. Point groups: principles and examples. Representation by matrices, reducible and irreducible representations. Character table rules. Reduction of reducible representations. Projection operators. Application to molecular orbitals, hybridization of atomic orbitals; molecular vibrations and activity in the infrared region and Raman.
84-325 Introduction to Quantum Mechanics
Mathematical background. Classical mechanics, classical harmonic oscillator. Heisenberg’s postulate, momentum and position representations, linear operators, eigenvalues, Schrödinger equation, state functions, probability, solution of the Schrödinger equation for a free particle and a particle in a box in one dimension and in two and three dimensions, potential energy barriers and the tunnel effect. Postulates of quantum mechanics, expected value, Hermitian operator, Heisenberg uncertainty principle, time-dependent Schrödinger equation. Harmonic oscillator, Hermite polynomials, creation and annihilation operators. Central forces, angular momentum, the angular solution, ladder operators, spin, radial solution for the hydrogen atom. Addition of angular momenta, atomic terms.
84-326 Quantum Mechanics and Spectroscopy
Perturbation theory, variational principle, linear variation, Slater determinants, diatomic molecules, Born-Oppenheimer approximation, H2+ molecular ion, molecular orbitals, angular momentum in molecules, correlation diagrams, Hückel theory, spectroscopy, time-dependent perturbation theory, interaction between light and matter, Einstein transition probabilities, rotational spectroscopy of polyatomic molecules, vibrational spectroscopy of molecules, electron spectroscopy of molecules.
84-345 Laboratory in Organic Chemistry III (micro, green chemistry)
All the experiments in this laboratory are done with “micro” quantities (50-300 mg). Partial detail of the experiments: preparation of p-bromoacetanilide from aniline, nitration of 1,4-dichlorobenzene with 100% HNO3, extractions of usnic acid from lichen weeds, of cinnamaldehyde from cinnamon and of caffeine from tea; reduction of t-butylcyclohexanone, aromatic nucleophilic substitution with use of a phase transfer catalyst, preparation of hexaphenylbenzene in a two-step reaction, protection of a hydroxysteroid by converting it to a vinyl acetate, acetylation of ferrocene, synthesis of dyes and dyeing of textiles, photochemical isomerization, synthesis of heterocycles and identification of unknowns by spectral and other methods. “Green” chemistry.
84-347 Advanced Laboratory in Organic Chemistry
1. Safety in the chemical laboratory.
2. N-Phenylmaleimide; β–phenylhydroxylamine; nitrone; 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition.
3. Cholesten-3-one from cholesterol.
4. Admantane, clathrate with thiourea.
5. Diphenyldiacetylene, benzylation ??? (בנזאנולציה) reaction catalyzed by Pd.
84-349 Advanced Laboratory in Physical Chemistry
1. Vibrational and rotational FTIR spectrum of diatomic molecules.
2. Electrochemistry - cyclic voltammetry.
3. Electrochemistry - hydrodynamic methods, rotating disk electrode.
4. Electrochemistry - study of mechanisms, combination of electroanalytical measuring methods including chronoamperometry and voltammetry
5. Electrochemistry, impedance spectroscopy.
6. Thermal analysis (DSC, ARC).
7. Raman spectroscopy.
84-354 Introduction to the Solid State in Chemistry
Crystal structure, unit cell, atomic description of crystal structure, translation, crystal forms, Bravais lattices, Miller indices, symmetry in crystals, close packing, atomic diameter and ionic diameter, Pauling’s rules for stability of crystal structure, polyhedral representations, examples of crystal structure, solid solutions, relation between crystal structure and material properties, defects in the crystal structure, phase diagrams, Bragg’s equation, analysis of a crystalline material by means of X-ray diffraction.
84-357 Introduction to Chemical Analysis for the Material Sciences
Introduction to chemical analysis. Methodology of chemical analysis. How to choose the optimal analytical method. Preparation of samples. Survey of leading chemical analysis methods. Theory and practice in chemical analysis through: elementary analysis, ICP_MS, OES-ICP, CHNSO, atomic absorption, SIMS, XRF, EDAX, RBS, AES, Mössbauer, GDS, AFM, STM, Raman, EELS and electron microscopy.
84-360 Medicinal Chemistry I
Anesthetics, antibiotics, drugs acting on the nervous system, antineoplastics, antiallergics, hormones and steroids, analgesics, drugs for treatment of heart diseases, tranquilizers, antipsychotics, antihypertensives, antivirals, antidiabetics, drugs for treatment of neurodegeneration.
84-361 Medicinal Chemistry II
(1) Sources of drugs. (2) Drug discovery process. (3) Pharmacokinetics (ADME). (4) Drug targets. (5) Theories of drug-target interaction. (6) Assessment of drug activity and safety (dose-response ratio). (7) Modes of drug administration. (8) Passage of drugs (through membranes and BBB). (9) Lipinski’s rules. (10) Drug metabolism. (11) Drug structure-activity relationships: qualitative and quantitative. (12) Drug design. (13) Chiral drugs. (14) Clinical trials.
84-364 Secondary Metabolism
1. Biosynthesis of fatty acids.
2. Mevalonic acid system: biosynthesis of cholesterol, steroids and terpenoids.
3. Eicosanoids.
4. Biosynthesis of branched amino acids.
5. Biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids; shikimic acid pathway.
6. Metabolism of amino acids.
7. Alkaloids.
8. Polyketides.
9. Research methods.
84-366 Pharmacology and Drug Metabolism
Pharmacotherapeutics: safety margin of the drug (therapeutic versus toxic effects), ways of delivering the drug (orally or topically), drug effects (cumulative versus reinforcing effect, tolerance versus hypersensitivity), polypharmacology.
Pharmacokinetics: absorption (child versus adult), distribution (in the various tissues), biotransformation and elimination.
Pharmacodynamics: the drug-receptor bond, examples of drugs targeting the dopaminergic and the cholinergic systems.
84-375 Laboratory in Materials Science
The advanced materials laboratory is a year course for third year students, characterized by practical laboratory work. In the scope of the activity, the students are exposed to preparation methods of various materials, and the conventional methods of characterization in materials science. The laboratory has a modern integrative approach based on research in the field of materials.
Six projects expose the students to preparation, characterization and application of modern materials with unique properties for various diverse applications.
84-396 Mammalian Biology
A. Cell biology: (1) Cell organelles in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. (2) Biological membranes, membrane structure, membrane permeability.
B. Molecular biology: (3) Chromosomes, cell life cycle, mitosis and meiosis. (4) DNA – structure and replication, RNA and protein synthesis. (5) Introduction to genetics and genetic engineering.
C. Physiology: (6) Nervous system. (7) Muscle – structure and function. (8) Blood – cells and coagulation mechanism. (9) Cardiovascular system. (10) Respiration and gas exchange. (11) Digestive system. (12) Excretory system (kidneys). (13). Hormonal activity and the reproductive system.
D. Immunology: (14) Immune system.
84-850 Electrochemistry
Short introduction to thermodynamics of electrochemical cells and basic types of electrodes, solution conductivity, acquaintance with practical electrochemical cells and the basic measuring equipment in electrochemistry. Basic equations of electrochemical kinetics - Butler-Volmer equation and dependence of the current on the voltage. Potentiodynamic behavior as a tool for learning electrochemical reaction mechanisms, structure of the electrode-solution interface, models of the double layer. Diffusion controlled electrochemical kinetics - and its application to electrochemical systems. Electroanalytical methods such as voltammetry. Hydrodynamical methods in electrochemistry, polarography. Interface description by electric circuit analogs, impedance spectroscopy, optimization of electrochemical cells, problems of current distribution.
84-855 Colloid Chemistry
The course deals with a variety of basic topics in the subject of the chemistry of colloidal systems. In the first part of the course we will discuss the definition and classification of colloidal systems and methods of characterizing the size and shape of particles in these systems. We will likewise discuss the importance of surface chemistry in this area and the types of interparticle forces. On the basis of this understanding we will present methods for preparation and stabilization of colloidal systems. Later the main properties of these systems will be presented, such as various kinetic properties, properties arising from the interaction with light, with emphasis on scattering phenomena and the Tyndall effect, and the special flow properties characterizing colloidal systems. Afterwards we will discuss factors influencing destruction of colloidal systems, and we will present a number of special systems such as micelles and self-assembly systems, gels, foams and thin layers. The lectures are accompanied by many examples from the “real world” in which there is great importance for colloidal systems.
84-857 Surface Analysis – Theory and Application
Introduction to surface chemistry. Introduction and survey of methods of surface chemical analysis. Ultra-high vacuum instrumentation, X-ray sources and ion and electron beams and their analysis. Qualitative and quantitative analysis by XPS. Interpretation of XPS analysis. Erosion (sputtering) by an ion beam and depth profiles. Surface analysis by Auger electron spectroscopy. Surface analysis by mass spectroscopy of secondary electrons. Depth profiles by Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy.
84-860 Computers in the Laboratory
- The LabVIEW programming language – graphic programming by the “data flow” method.
- Introduction to online computing, translation of analog signals to digital values and vice versa, timing and synchronization, interrupts, triggers and event flag.
- Data collection methods, Nyquist frequencies, treatment of noise by ensemble averaging, fast Fourier transform and convolution (Savitzky-Golay methods, moving average and boxcar), treatment of transient signals.
- Real time processing, double buffering and circular buffers.
- Practical work in the above topics using LabVIEW 2012, the USB6008 interface.
84-893 Polymers in Chemistry
Introduction, including scientific literature, historical background, plastic materials and uses. Different types of polymerization: addition, condensation, coordinative, etc. Polymer molecular weight and polymer size distribution. Homopolymers and copolymers. Thermal and mechanical properties of polymers. Polymerization systems (suspension, dispersion, emulsion and reverse emulsion). Polymeric reagents. Surface reactions of polymers. Various topics in the field of polymers (conducting polymers, controlled release by means of polymeric systems, polymers in catalysis, etc.).
84-894 X-ray Crystallography
Crystal structure and phases of matter as targets for analysis by X-ray diffraction, X-rays and their interaction with matter, Bragg law, X-ray diffraction from a single crystal and from a polycrystalline material, diffractometer, X-ray diffraction image, distance between atomic planes, peak strength, Miller indices, phase analysis, determination of unit cell parameters, quantitative analysis, optimization of materials synthesis conditions, thin layer analysis (“grazing incidence” method), influence of the real crystal structure on the diffraction images, peak profile, Scherrer equation, reciprocal lattice, determination of crystal structure symmetry (systematic absence), determination of atomic coordinates from the reflection amplitudes in the diffraction images, refinement of the crystal structure from diffraction images from a polycrystalline material (Rietveld method).
84-895 Solid State in Chemistry II
Lattice translation vectors, Wigner-Seitz cells, Fourier analysis, reciprocal lattices, first Brillouin zone. Phonons, one-dimensional monoatomic lattice, quantization, Bose-Einstein statistics, one-dimensional diatomic lattice, acoustic and optical modes, three-dimensional lattice, level density. High and low temperature limits, Debye interpolation scheme. Metals, the free electron model, finite temperature electron gas, free electron gas heat content, Hall effect, nearly free electron model, tight binding approximation. Semiconductors, valence and conduction bands, contribution of an electric field in the absence of collisions, donor and acceptor impurities, thermal excitation of charge carriers, intrinsic and extrinsic behavior, absorption of electromagnetic radiation.
84-901 Introduction to Nano Materials
Introduction: definition of basic concepts, historical survey, general survey of surface physics and chemistry. Nanochemical systems of various dimensions: nanoparticles, thin layers, 3D. Various methods of nanomaterials synthesis. Semiconductor nanomaterials, magnetic nanoparticles. Structure-property relationships according to size. Nano in biological systems. Selected applications of nanomaterials. Guest lectures on topics: 1) Carbon based nanomaterials. 2) Nanotechnology in biological systems.
84-951 Advanced Polymer Chemistry
1. Synthetic polymers as molecular materials: structural and functional aspects. 2. Classical and modern polymerization methods: mechanisms, kinetics, catalysis, stereochemistry. 3. Determination of absolute and relative molecular weight: definitions, statistics, light scattering, spectral methods, viscosity, osmotic pressure, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), mass spectroscopy. 4. Polymer structure: A. In solution: thermodynamical aspects, conformational analysis. B. In solid state: glass transition, crystallization and melting, measurement methods. 5. Structure-property relationships in polymers: "real life" examples. 6. Methods of polymer production and testing. 7. Applications.
84-971 Synthetic Methods I
Retrosynthetic analysis; acidity of the C-H bond; C-C bond formation; regioselective enolate reactions; acyl anion equivalents; Michael addition; stabilized P, S, Si anions; stereoselective aldols; organoborane reactions; rearrangements; fragmentations.
84-993 Transition Metals in Biological Systems
More than a third of the proteins in biological systems contain transition metals in their active site. Therefore, metals such as Cu(II), Fe(II), Zn(II) have an important role in these systems. For example: (A) Iron found in hemoglobin facilitates fixing and transport of oxygen molecules in the body, an important process for formation of ATP (in respiration); (B) Mono-oxygenase enzymes containing iron; for example, the enzyme cytochrome P450, are able to activate addition of an oxygen atom (from an oxygen molecule) to a C-H bond in alkanes to form an alcohol, an essential process in toxin neutralization or biosynthesis of important biological materials (such as hormones, fatty acids, and others); (C) Plants use a tetra manganese complex (Mn 4) which can oxidate water to the oxygen molecule during photosynthesis; (D) Mammal cells use an enzyme containing zinc in order to break a peptide or phosphodiester bond in peptide or DNA metabolism, respectively.
The purpose of this new course is to introduce to the graduate student the “inorganic chemistry of life” by describing the special role and mechanism of action of each of the transition metals in biological systems.
84-995 NMR in Solid State – Theoretical and Practical
Short introduction to nuclear magnetic resonance, classical description of a spinning system, from the Zeeman splitting to the quantum description of spin 1/2, description of spin systems in density matrix formalism, basic spin interactions, single crystal and powder spectrum, magic angle spinning and self-consistent averaging, cross-polarization and decoupling for increasing the sensitivity and separation in solid state NMR, solid state NMR methods for measuring distances on the basis of dipolar coupling, one-dimensional methods (rfdr, redor), acquaintance with a nuclear magnetic resonance instrument – sample experiment of solid state nuclear magnetic resonance in the laboratory.
84-996 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and its Applications in Organic Chemistry
1. Chemical shifts – 1H, 13C, other nuclei.
2. Coupling constant (J).
3. Spectral analysis.
4. NOE.
5. Two-dimensional NMR.
6. DynamicNMR.
84-997 Magnetic Spectroscopy
The physical basis of NMR: meaning of spin, nuclei with spin, classical description of the NMR phenomenon.
NMR spectrum: chemical shifts, spin-spin splitting, chemical equivalence and magnetic equivalence, averaging phenomena in the NMR spectrum, chemical exchange.
Technologies in NMR: the spectrometer and its structure, pulse methods, Fourier transform principles, processing of the magnetic signal.
Vectorial description of NMR: rotating axes system, Bloch equations, nuclear relaxation, measurement of relaxation and diffusion constants by means of NMR.
Various topics in NMR: principles of magnetic imaging (MRI), NMR of solids, NMR of proteins.
